It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek akros "at the end, at the top, outermost consummate, excellent," akis "sharp point," akē "point of an iron tool," akantha "thorn," akmē "summit, edge," oxys "sharp, bitter " Sanskrit acri- "corner, edge," acani- "point of an arrow," asrih "edge " Oscan akrid (ablative singular) "sharply " Latin acer (fem. It forms all or part of: acacia acanthus accipiter acer acerbic acerbity acervate acervulus acescent acetic acid acicular acme acne acrid acridity acrimony acro- acrobat acromegaly acronym acrophobia acropolis acrostic acrylic acuity aculeate acumen acupressure acupuncture acute aglet ague Akron anoxic awn coelacanth dioxin deoxy- eager ear (n.2) "grain part of corn " edge (n.) egg (v.) "to goad on, incite " eglantine epoxy ester exacerbation hammer hypoxia mediocre oxalic oxide oxy- oxygen oxymoron paragon pyracanth paroxysm selvage vinegar. Proto-Indo-European root meaning "be sharp, rise (out) to a point, pierce."
Hammer and sickle as an emblem of Soviet communism attested from 1921, symbolizing industrial and agricultural labor. To go at it hammer and tongs "with great violence and vigor" (1708) is an image from blacksmithing (the tongs hold the metal and the hammer beats it). Figurative use of "aggressive and destructive foe" is late 14c., from similar use of French martel, Latin malleus. The Germanic words thus could be from a PIE *ka-mer-, with reversal of initial sounds, from PIE *akmen "stone, sharp stone used as a tool" (source also of Old Church Slavonic kamy, Russian kameni "stone"), from root *ak- "be sharp, rise (out) to a point, pierce."Īs a part of a firearm, 1580s as a part of a piano, 1774 as a small bone of the ear, 1610s. The Old Norse cognate hamarr meant "stone, crag" (it's common in English place names), and suggests an original sense of the Germanic words as "tool with a stone head," which would describe the first hammers. Old English hamor "hammer," from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz (source also of Old Saxon hamur, Middle Dutch, Dutch hamer, Old High German hamar, German Hammer).
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